Cara Pandang Islam Terhadap Ilmu Berbasis Pemikiran Al-Zarnuji di Era Post-Truth
Keywords:
Al-Zarnuji, Epistemologi Islam , Literasi Digital, Pasca KebenaranAbstract
The post-truth era has triggered a global epistemic crisis, in which the standards of truth have shifted from the validity of evidence and rationality toward emotional preferences, social polarization (echo chambers), and the manipulation of digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI). This research aims to formulate a contemporary reconstruction of Islamic epistemology as a conceptual and ethical alternative for addressing the challenges of disinformation in the post-truth era. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing library research methods, with data analyzed through content analysis and the Miles and Huberman framework. Primary data is drawn from the text Ta'līm al-Muta'allim by Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji, while secondary data is gathered from books, scholarly journal articles, and other literature concerning the phenomena of post-truth and information disorder. The analysis reveals that al-Zarnuji’s thought provides a radical antithesis to the secularization of modern information through three pillars of reconstruction: (1) A reconstruction of the nature of knowledge, which restores the essence of knowledge as a divine nūr (light) by rectifying one’s intentions (*fardhu niyyah*) as a means toward ma’rifatullāh (knowledge of God); (2) A reconstruction of the typology of knowledge, through the concept of ‘ilm al-ḥāl (knowledge relevant to immediate, practical needs) and the paradigm of farḍu ‘ayn (individual obligation) versus farḍu kifāyah (collective obligation). This framework serves as a filter against information uncertainty (al-muḥdathāt), information overload, and al-‘iżā’ah information that contradicts facts or reality (such as hoaxes); and (3) A reconstruction of authority, by strengthening the concept of ta‘ẓīm (reverence) toward teachers who possess deep knowledge (‘ālim), piety (wara‘), and maturity, thereby addressing the fragmentation of expertise in the digital realm. Furthermore, the aspect of critical reasoning is accommodated through methods of contemplation (ta'ammul), discussion (muzākarah), and objective verification (tabayyun). This research concludes that Al-Zarnuji’s ideas in the book Ta'līm al-Muta'allim offer not merely theoretical solutions, but a robust methodological, ethical, and spiritual foundation for cultivating a culture of truth-based digital literacy. The study recommends a restructuring of Islamic educational curricula and national digital literacy policies shifting the focus from a primary emphasis on technical proficiency toward cyber-moral responsibility and the strengthening of the epistemological foundations of the digital realm. Given that this study remains conceptual and theoretical in nature, further research involving empirical field testing is required.
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