Wawasan Al-Qur'an Tentang Tujuan Pendidikan: Ikhtiar Membentuk Ranah Kognitif, Afektif, dan Spiritual Manusia

Abstract

This study aims to examine the Qur'anic perspective on the objectives of education in developing the cognitive, affective, and spiritual domains of human beings. The study is motivated by the tendency of modern education to emphasize academic achievement and intellectual competence while giving less balanced attention to character formation and spirituality. This research employed a library research method using a thematic (*maudhu'i*) Qur'anic exegesis approach. Primary data were obtained from the Qur'an and classical as well as contemporary Qur'anic commentaries, while secondary data were collected from relevant books and scholarly journals. The data were analyzed descriptively and analytically by examining Qur'anic verses related to educational objectives. The findings reveal that the Qur'an presents a holistic and integrated concept of educational goals. The cognitive domain emphasizes the development of reasoning, understanding, and scientific inquiry as means of recognizing the greatness of Allah. The affective domain focuses on cultivating noble character, responsibility, honesty, and social awareness. Meanwhile, the spiritual domain aims to strengthen faith, piety, devotion, and the purification of the soul. These three domains are inseparable and mutually reinforcing in shaping individuals who possess knowledge, moral excellence, and spiritual consciousness. Therefore, Islamic education should integrate cognitive, affective, and spiritual development in a balanced manner to produce *insan kamil* (the complete human being) capable of fulfilling the roles of servant of Allah and vicegerent (*khalifah*) on earth.