KONSEP KEADILAN DALAM KEPEMIMPINAN UMAR BIN KHATTAB DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ABAD KE-21

Abstract

This study aims to examine the concept of justice in the leadership of Umar ibn al-Khattab and analyze its relevance to the development of 21st-century character education. The study employed a qualitative approach using library research, drawing upon Islamic historical literature, classical Islamic texts, books, and relevant scholarly journals. The findings reveal that Umar ibn al-Khattab's concept of justice encompasses four principal dimensions: legal justice, social justice, administrative justice, and humanitarian justice. The implementation of these principles is reflected in various policies and actions, including equality before the law, strict supervision of public officials, protection of vulnerable groups, and the fulfillment of citizens' rights regardless of their religion or social status. At the same time, numerous studies indicate that 21st-century learners possess strong digital adaptability but also face significant character-related challenges, such as declining social empathy, low resilience, emotional vulnerability, and an increasing tendency to seek social validation. In this context, the values of justice exemplified by Umar ibn al-Khattab—including integrity, responsibility, social concern, moral courage, and steadfast commitment to ethical principles—are highly relevant as a foundation for character education. The internalization of these values can be achieved through role-model-based learning, reflective practices, habituation, and experiential learning, enabling students not only to understand the concept of justice cognitively but also to internalize and practice it in their daily lives.