DINAMIKA KEKUASAAN PADA MASA ABBASIYAH
Keywords:
Dinaasti Abbasiyah, Dinamika kekuasaan Politik, Kejayaan Peradabaan, Kemunduran AbbasiyahAbstract
This study examines the dynamics of power during the Abbasid Dynasty, covering its historical background, political development, governmental and administrative systems, the peak of Islamic civilization, and the factors contributing to its decline. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach by analyzing various sources of Islamic historical literature. The findings indicate that the Abbasid Dynasty successfully led Islamic civilization to its golden age, particularly in politics, science, economy, arts, and culture. This success was supported by a well-structured administrative system, openness to non-Arab elements, the development of bureaucratic institutions such as wizārah and dīwān, and the caliphs’ support for scientific advancement through institutions like Bayt al-Hikmah. However, this glory did not last permanently. The decline of the Abbasid Dynasty was influenced by internal factors, including weak caliphal leadership, Turkish military dominance, sectarian conflicts, the emergence of smaller dynasties, and economic deterioration. Meanwhile, external factors such as the Crusades and the Mongol invasion became the main triggers for the dynasty’s final collapse in 1258 CE. Therefore, this study emphasizes that internal political dynamics played a dominant role in shaping both the rise and decline of the Abbasid Dynasty.
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